What is the purpose of a hydraulic distributor in a forklift?

The main task of a hydraulic distributor is to determine the direction of fluid flow in hydraulic systems. By using distributors, we can relieve pumps during technological breaks or set them to any position. In the following article, we will tell you more about hydraulic distributors in forklifts.

Hydraulic distributor – forklift – what is worth knowing?

In terms of design solutions, hydraulic distributors can be divided into:

• spool type,
• poppet type,
• explosion-proof.

A spool distributor is characterized by the fact that its working part consists of a spool. It can be controlled electrically or mechanically within the internal element of the cylinder. By changing the position of the spool, the fluid is directed to a predetermined path – while simultaneously closing the flow in the other direction.

On the other hand, a poppet distributor is also called mushroom or valve type – it can regulate flow using a ball that, under spring pressure, opens or closes the flow path. This solution ensures high tightness and minimal leakage. Poppet valves are dedicated to plate installations.

Explosion-proof distributor

Moreover, due to negligibly small losses, there is no need to install additional check valves.
An explosion-proof distributor has a piston in the housing bore – its movement occurs when voltage is applied to the coil. The return of the piston is achieved through a spring. The coil can be freely positioned relative to the sleeve and electromagnet. This type of distributor is also specially protected to be able to work even in places potentially threatened by explosion.

Hydraulic distributor forklift and construction type

Let’s also mention the division of distributors in terms of construction type. Here we can distinguish monoblock distributors, i.e., those made from a single block, and block distributors. The former can withstand significantly higher pressure levels.

Additionally, we distinguish single-section, two-section, and three-section hydraulic distributors. The division of distributors is based primarily on differences in control methods. In this context, we can encounter manual and electric distributors.

Hydraulic distributor forklift – in practice

A hydraulic distributor is an element of many pneumatic systems. In this article, we focus on forklifts, but their application allows for use in industrial machines as well. The hydraulic distributor in a forklift often serves as simple controllers in the pneumatic system. Therefore, it serves both to start and stop the motor or pneumatic actuator.

Due to the distributor’s construction, it can operate in explosive atmospheres, underground, and in close proximity to flammable substances such as gas, vapor, or mist. This is precisely why they are so readily used in forklifts. Remember that forklifts use an open circuit, both in the case of electric and combustion drives.