Stability is a concept that has a very strong connection to the safety of forklift operation. Proper load distribution affects vehicle behavior. Overloading or incorrect reading of the forklift diagram can lead to serious workplace hazards. The importance of this is evidenced by the fact that the issue of forklift stability quite often appears on the UDT exam.
Forklift stability – explanation of the concept
Forklift stability is the ability to maintain balance at every moment of equipment operation, both during driving, performing maneuvers, and lifting or unloading various types of load dimensions. In other words – the forklift does not wobble on the ground while performing work positions, and using it is safe.
What factors affect vehicle stability?
The decisive influence on maintaining a stable vehicle position in every situation includes:
– overall technical condition of the forklift,
– terrain inclination and ground condition on which the forklift moves,
– tire condition and tire pressure,
– method of securing and arranging the load (center of gravity position),
– forklift weight,
– mass of transported load and the height to which it is to be lifted,
– vehicle engine power,
– axle suspension, springs,
– operator’s driving technique and individual skills.
Forklift manufacturers introduce various safety measures aimed at preventing dangerous situations related to vehicle stability loss. Among them, it’s worth noting Toyota’s proprietary solution – Active Stability System SAS. It enables control of the most important forklift operation parameters, such as the height to which the load has been lifted. Functions popular among other forklift brands include speed limiters for driving or performing lifting and lowering operations, indicators, sensors, and systems that slow down when turning the forklift. They not only affect safety but also significantly increase work efficiency.
How to ensure forklift stability?
Choosing a forklift equipped with various innovative solutions definitely provides great support, however, to maintain vehicle stability, most of the responsibility lies with the operator. Although industrial trucks are subject to regular inspections and maintenance reviews, daily routine inspections of the vehicle’s technical condition should not be underestimated. Any symptoms indicating vehicle malfunction should be reported to supervisors and verified on an ongoing basis. In many situations, it is precisely the quick reaction time that will prevent a more serious forklift breakdown, as well as the associated work downtime. Another important rule that the driver must absolutely follow is using the forklift in accordance with the operating instructions and manufacturer’s guidelines. Any non-compliance, such as transporting loads heavier than the forklift’s maximum allowable lifting capacity, can lead to vehicle overloading or damage to its individual mechanisms.
Causes of forklift stability loss
There are many hazards that can cause forklift instability or tipping. These include:
– forklift overloading,
– unstable ground on which the vehicle moves,
– using the equipment contrary to its intended purpose,
– performing maneuvers too abruptly,
– performing several activities at once, e.g., driving and lifting loads,
– collision with an obstacle on the road,
– uneven weight distribution on the forks,
– unauthorized modifications and improvements to equipment by persons not qualified to perform them,
– unresolved equipment malfunctions,
– weather conditions – such as strong wind, rain, or snow – when working outdoors,
– excessive speed, especially when performing maneuvers or overcoming road obstacles,
– too low tire pressure.
What to do in case of forklift stability loss?
Loss of forklift stability is a serious threat to the health and life of the operator driving the vehicle, as well as other workers in the vicinity. However, when such a situation occurs, one should try to remain calm. Leaving the vehicle is absolutely forbidden. The operator should remain seated, firmly gripping the steering wheel with both hands.
Summary
As evident from the above information, the concept of forklift stability is directly related to the safety of work associated with warehousing and short-distance transport. Vehicle stability disruptions can occur both during driving and while lifting and lowering loads. Therefore, no irregularities related to poor vehicle technical condition or improper use should be tolerated.
